| Description |
- Bertrand rectilinear system. Canada. 1953. Dr. Claude Bertrand, the French Canadian neurosurgeon, introduced his pneumotaxic guide in 1953 for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It was based on the orthogonal system combined with rectolinear coordinates. The advantages of the Bertrand frame were that it provided ample working space for implantation of multiple depth electrodes and could be used with short-distance x-ray facilities, a feature lacking in the Tailarach instrument. This was the first stereotactic instrument used at the Duke University Medical Center.
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