Background:
Tracheostomy is a high-risk procedure in children under three years old, with a rate of major post-operative complications as high as 24%. The rate of accidental decannulation (AD), a common complication of tracheostomy associated with...
Background
Despite causing significant morbidity and mortality, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is significantly underdiagnosed. Clinical indices developed to easily identify patients with hepatic steatosis and risk for more advanced disease...
Background: It remains unclear whether food insecurity as a marker of poverty is a barrier to accessing health care in low-resource settings, or rather increases care utilization due to more frequent need for care. This study used baseline data from...
Funding: National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute StARR Program R38 (5R38-CA245204 to E.J.V.); National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (K08-CA2560450 to Z.J.R.).
Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma...
Purpose
The diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is largely based on clinical suspicion with limited confirmation antemortem. However, neuropathological changes occur years prior to disease presentation. Changes in the retina, an embryologically...
Purpose: Few studies have looked at repeatability of the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in different OCT imaging modalities. We performed a retrospective image analysis to compare a handheld swept-source research OCT system (UC3) to a gold standard...
Introduction: The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (2015) outlined several factors needed to sustain a workforce in austere settings. Yet, there is a paucity of literature exploring the personal narratives of these workforce members. There is...
Background
Anthracyclines are effective chemotherapeutics used in >60% of pediatric cancer cases but have a well-documented risk of cardiotoxicity. Existing cardiotoxicity risk calculators do not include cardiovascular risk factors present at the...
Introduction: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following joint arthroplasty is a devastating complication. Prior studies have documented an association between PJI and increased prevalence of preoperative depression and elevated risk of new mental...
Antibodies perform both neutralizing and non-neutralizing functions that protect against certain pathogens. A human antibody directed at the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein N-terminal domain (NTD), DH1052, was recently shown to be non-neutralizing yet...
Introduction: While obesity and chronic hypertension are often viewed as confounding the observed relationship between race and maternal morbidity, evidence suggests racism drives development of maternal morbidity risk factors, including obesity and...
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) is a poorly understood neurobehavioral disorder of early childhood characterized by acute to subacute profound regression in previously developed language, social behavior, and adaptive functions. The etiology of...
Healthcare inequities in the US impact access to medical treatment for pediatric patients, particularly in conditions like adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) where nonoperative management is effective. AIS affects 3% of the pediatric population,...
Introduction:
It is currently unclear if postoperative pain experience differs in patients undergoing primary versus repeat cesarean deliveries, with prior studies reporting conflicting results. For instance, some studies have suggested that repeat...
PURPOSE: Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables surgeons to take a more individualized approach to patient management. Commercially available scanning systems can be prohibitively expensive. Fortunately, high-quality 3D imaging is becoming...
INTRODUCTION
Recently, dual-plating of displaced clavicle fractures has become a popular construct to reduce implant prominence while optimizing balanced fixation. Traditionally patients have a limited weight bearing period after clavicle fracture...
Background: While Kambin’s triangle has become an ever more important anatomic window given its proximity to the nerve root, there have been limited studies examining the effect of disease on the corridor. Recent studies have begun implementing 3D...
Background: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a routine and vital part of the Ophthalmology exam. OCT generates contrast by using light interference generated by tissue reflectivity; simply, it can be thought of akin to ultrasound, but using...
Introduction: Patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) often develop atrial arrhythmias, including focal atrial tachycardia (FAT). In non-ACHD patients, algorithms using surface ECG P-wave morphology are helpful to predict FAT location to...
Background: In the United States, significant disparities exist in gastric cancer incidence and mortality between Black Americans and non-Hispanic White Americans. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is the greatest risk factor for developing gastric...
Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may result in 2-stage revision surgery. There is limited data describing outcomes when the first stage is completed at an outside hospital and the patient is referred to...
Acknowledgement: This project received NIH funding for Cancer Disparities research P20-CA251657
Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the strongest risk factor for non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, the cancer with the greatest racial disparity...
Background
Neurosurgical resection of tumors requires discernment of tumor from healthy tissue. Endogenous fluorophores exist in different concentrations in tissue enabling the classification of tissue type via excitation with a low power laser. The...
Introduction:
In the pediatric otolaryngology setting, health literacy of patients and guardians has been shown to be overall highly proficient but has not been thoroughly examined at the level of understanding of the actual procedures being...
Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to cognitive decline and personality changes. Early detection of FTD is critical for initiating...
Background: Social media utilization in plastic surgery training has been growing exponentially since 2010. The importance of social media for integrated plastic surgery residency programs has already been well-demonstrated in the literature, with...
Background: One of the most common but least studied complications of diabetes is diabetic bladder dysfunction. Current therapies for diabetic bladder dysfunction include glucose control and symptom-based interventions. However, there is mixed data on...
Background: Lung cancer risk classification is an increasingly important area of research as low-dose thoracic CT screening programs become standard of care for patients at high risk for lung cancer. There is limited availability of large, annotated...
Background: Chondrosarcoma (CSA) lacks effective systemic therapies for metastatic disease. Thus, novel targets are necessary. Our previous work identified overexpression of Leukocyte Cytosolic Protein 1 (LCP1) in metastasizing CSAs and expression...
Introduction
Digital health solutions have been shown to improve outcomes for chronic medical conditions, but relatively few solutions have been validated for patients undergoing surgery. The digital health platform ManageMySurgery (MMS) has been...
Background: Tattooing is a widespread practice and has increased in popularity over time. A recent poll suggests that 30% of Americans have at least one tattoo, which has increased from 21% reported in 2012. Many lesions have been described in relation...
Introduction
Allostasis is the process by which the body responds to environmental stressors to maintain physiological functioning. When allostasis is maintained at a moderate level, it serves as a beneficial mechanism to cope with the daily stresses...
Background
Out-of-pocket (OOP) costs have been increasing for commercially insured people. These high OOP costs are associated with suboptimal outcomes, particularly impacting low-income patients with diabetes. An increasing number of employers are...
Introduction:
Chronic myeloid neoplasia (CMN) describes the clonal outgrowth of blood cells from abnormal hematopoietic stem cells and includes both malignancies and pre-malignant states. Previous work has associated CMN with surgically-relevant...
Background
Severe and life-threatening illness can be a significant source of suffering for patients. This suffering can include mental anxiety, financial strain, and spiritual questioning. Between one third and one half of Americans will die because...
Background:
Pediatric traumas are often high-acuity, but low-frequency compared to adult trauma activations. This is reflected by the relatively limited experience with these events during training. While some principles of trauma resuscitation are...
Introduction: Diving is a physically demanding activity requiring much energy and stamina. A fit diver is less likely to become fatigued during a dive, which reduces the risk of accidents and injuries. Few studies have been performed to compare...
Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are widely prevalent in the US, have some of the highest mortality rates reported among psychiatric illnesses, and can be exacerbated by stigmatization against EDs. Similarly, obesity is generally recognized as a...
Background
Approximately 37 million people are infected with HIV-1, which causes acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is among leading global causes of both mortality and
burden. While combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has extended...
INTRODUCTION: The urogenital microbiome, including microbes in the urinary bladder and vagina, demonstrates variations that are linked to aging. While prior studies have shown how the composition of the vaginal microbiome changes after menopause, less...
Background: Progress towards value-based care in orthopaedics requires knowledge on surgical care costs as well as drivers of costs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess 90-day health system costs in primary total elbow arthroplasty...
Background
Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) is a novel approach to clinical trial design that incorporates safety and efficacy assessments into an ordinal ranking system to evaluate overall outcomes of clinical trial participants. Here, we...
Background:
Weight loss is commonly recommended before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) despite inconsistent evidence for better outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of weight loss before TKA on adverse events and...
People with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) are at risk for suboptimal health outcomes, health care disparities in health care access, and face intersecting challenges in the healthcare system. More than 25 million individuals report LEP and Latinos...
Objective:
Postpartum mood disorders, including depression, anxiety, and postpartum psychosis, affect up to 20% of new mothers. Despite the prevalence and potential severity of postpartum mood disorders, they often go undetected and untreated....
Funding for this work was provided by Duke Global Health Institute and Duke Global Neurosurgery and Neurology.
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for the majority of Uganda’s neurosurgical disease burden; however, invasive...
Scholarship/funding: This research did not receive any specific grant or scholarship from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Background: Sleep disturbance, such as insomnia and short sleep duration, is increasing...