Reichert arc system. Germany. 1951. This arc-radius system used Cartesian and polar coordinates. The instrument's large base allowed the brain target to be approached from any point on the skull. Modified in 1965 by Reichert and Dr. Mundinger, the...
A patient lies in an early tank respirator, often referred to as an "iron lung." Respirators were used primarily as treatment for polio. The first tank respirator, credited to Philip Drinker and Louis Shaw, was developed in 1929.