Background: Clinically significant depressive disturbances occur in 40-50% of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and often precede the onset of any measurable motor symptoms. Cross-sectional studies indicate a majority of those affected...
Cochlear and middle ear efferents modulate sensory information in the hearing system, shaping auditory waveforms and refining sound perception. These efferent pathways innervate the middle ear muscles and cochlear outer hair cells; eardrum...