Background: Conduction system pacing (CSP), often accomplished with lumenless pacing leads, is increasingly employed to achieve physiologic ventricular activation. Extraction of CSP leads has raised concerns about damage to the conduction system,...
Background: In some patients who receive a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) does not improve.
Methods: We analyzed patients enrolled in the REVERSE, MADIT-CRT, and BLOCK-HF trials,...
Cochlear and middle ear efferents modulate sensory information in the hearing system, shaping auditory waveforms and refining sound perception. These efferent pathways innervate the middle ear muscles and cochlear outer hair cells; eardrum...
Background: Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare condition most frequently caused by mutations in ATP1A3, encoding for the alpha-3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase, and D801N is the most common variant. Individuals with ATP1A3-D801N have...