Wu skull fixed system. China. Used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the instrument was attached to a burr hole in the skull. Angular adjustments allowed the lesion electrode to be introduced into the deep brain structures; x-rays were used to...
W-P Instruments Stimulator system. New Haven, CT: 1970. Built by W-P Instruments of New Haven, Connecticut, this instrument was used to stimulate the brain and spinal cord.
Talairach rectilinear stereotactic system. France 1949. This rectilinear orthogonial instrument consisted of a heavy frame and fixation pins. Two lateral grids for alignment of the x-ray beam were placed at a distance from the frame to reduce...
Reichert arc system. Germany. 1951. This arc-radius system used Cartesian and polar coordinates. The instrument's large base allowed the brain target to be approached from any point on the skull. Modified in 1965 by Reichert and Dr. Mundinger, the...
Rand-Urban stereotactic arc system. USA. 1956. This stereotactic instrument was designed as an arc system in order to place the patient's head in various positions. It's clinical application of studies on stereotactically implanted electrodes in...
Rand Stereotactic Instrument for Yttrium Hypophysectomy. Los Angeles: Trent H. Wells of the Mechanical Development Co., 1953. This instrument was used to implant yttrium 90 oxide into the pituitary gland. Probes were introduced by way of the nasal...
Rand and Malcolm radiolucent surgical head holder. USA. 1988. This radiolucent surgical head holder stabilized the patient while allowing direct radiographic visualization of the surgical anatomy without compromising view angles or x-ray geometry. The...