Heimberger arc system. USA. 1972. This arc system was made in 1972 by Dr. Robert Heimberger, professor of Neurosurgery at Indiana University Medical Center. The instrument was unique in that the patient was placed in the instrument in the lateral...
Bertrand rectilinear system. Canada. 1953. Dr. Claude Bertrand, the French Canadian neurosurgeon, introduced his pneumotaxic guide in 1953 for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It was based on the orthogonal system combined with rectolinear...
Austin and Lee burr hole system. USA. 1956. The basic design consisted of a device mounted on a burr hole in the skull. It allowed guidance at various angular adjustments. By passing the needle through the trephine after attaching the socket, AP and...
Reichert arc system. Germany. 1951. This arc-radius system used Cartesian and polar coordinates. The instrument's large base allowed the brain target to be approached from any point on the skull. Modified in 1965 by Reichert and Dr. Mundinger, the...
Grass stimulator system. Quincy, MA: Grass Medical Instruments, 1970. 5 instruments. Built by Grass Medical Instruments of Quincy, Massachusetts, these instruments were used to stimulate the brain and spinal cord.
Avery Labs stimulator system. Farmingdale, NY. 1970. 6 instruments: 2 Brain and spinal cord stimulators. 1cutaneous, 1 transcutaneous and 2 neuro. The Avery Electrical Brain and Spinal Cord Stimulator was built by Avery Labs in Farmingdale, New York,...
Radionics radio frequency type lesion generator. Burlington, MA: Radionics, Inc., 1970. Built by Radionics, Inc. of Burlington, Massachusetts, this instrument was used for making deep brain and spinal cord lesions.
W-P Instruments Stimulator system. New Haven, CT: 1970. Built by W-P Instruments of New Haven, Connecticut, this instrument was used to stimulate the brain and spinal cord.