Rand and Malcolm radiolucent surgical head holder. USA. 1988. This radiolucent surgical head holder stabilized the patient while allowing direct radiographic visualization of the surgical anatomy without compromising view angles or x-ray geometry. The...
Talairach rectilinear stereotactic system. France 1949. This rectilinear orthogonial instrument consisted of a heavy frame and fixation pins. Two lateral grids for alignment of the x-ray beam were placed at a distance from the frame to reduce...
Rand-Urban stereotactic arc system. USA. 1956. This stereotactic instrument was designed as an arc system in order to place the patient's head in various positions. It's clinical application of studies on stereotactically implanted electrodes in...
Nashold arc system. USA. 1969. Based on the arc principle, this instrument was unique since it was made specifically to lesion the cerebellar dentate nucleus. Designed by Drs. Blaine Nashold and Graham Slaughter and John Harrison, an Australian...
Heimberger arc system. USA. 1972. This arc system was made in 1972 by Dr. Robert Heimberger, professor of Neurosurgery at Indiana University Medical Center. The instrument was unique in that the patient was placed in the instrument in the lateral...
Bertrand rectilinear system. Canada. 1953. Dr. Claude Bertrand, the French Canadian neurosurgeon, introduced his pneumotaxic guide in 1953 for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It was based on the orthogonal system combined with rectolinear...
Austin and Lee burr hole system. USA. 1956. The basic design consisted of a device mounted on a burr hole in the skull. It allowed guidance at various angular adjustments. By passing the needle through the trephine after attaching the socket, AP and...
Reichert arc system. Germany. 1951. This arc-radius system used Cartesian and polar coordinates. The instrument's large base allowed the brain target to be approached from any point on the skull. Modified in 1965 by Reichert and Dr. Mundinger, the...
Grass stimulator system. Quincy, MA: Grass Medical Instruments, 1970. 5 instruments. Built by Grass Medical Instruments of Quincy, Massachusetts, these instruments were used to stimulate the brain and spinal cord.