- Robin, T. R.1
- Rodger, T.1
- Roger, Henry1
- Roget, Peter Mark, 1779-18691
- Rokitansky, Carl von, 1804-18781
- Romberg, Moritz Heinrich, 1795-18731
- Routh, C. H. F. (Charles Henry Felix), 1822-19091
- Sappey, Ph. C. (Philibert Constant), 1810-18961
- Saunders, Edwin, Sir, 1814-19011
- Scanzoni, F. W. (Friedrich Wilhelm), 1821-18911
- Scarification1
- Schleiden, M. J. (Matthias Jacob), 1804-18811
- Schuh, Franz1
- Sichel, Jules, 1802-18681
- Sieveking, Edward H. (Edward Henry), 1816-19041
- Sigmund, Carl, Ritter von Ilanor, 1810-18831
- Skae, David1
- Skey, Frederic C. (Frederic Carpenter), 1798-18721
- Skoda, Joseph, 1805-18811
- Smith, Protheroe1