- Richardson, Benjamin Ward, Sir, 1828-18961
- Richet, Louis Dominique Alfred, 1816-18911
- Ricord, Ph., 1800-18891
- Robin, T. R.1
- Roger, Henry1
- Roget, Peter Mark, 1779-18691
- Rokitansky, Carl von, 1804-18781
- Romberg, Moritz Heinrich, 1795-18731
- Routh, C. H. F. (Charles Henry Felix), 1822-19091
- Sappey, Ph. C. (Philibert Constant), 1810-18961
- Saunders, Edwin, Sir, 1814-19011
- Scanzoni, F. W. (Friedrich Wilhelm), 1821-18911
- Scarification1
- Schleiden, M. J. (Matthias Jacob), 1804-18811
- Schuh, Franz1
- Sharpey, William, 1802-18801
- Sichel, Jules, 1802-18681
- Sieveking, Edward H. (Edward Henry), 1816-19041
- Sigmund, Carl, Ritter von Ilanor, 1810-18831
- Simpson, James Young, Sir, 1811-18701